Q:-WHAT
ARE THE ONGOING DEVELOPMENTS AT THE IMO WITH RESPECT TO THE TECHNICAL AND
OPERATIONAL MEASURES TO BE INVOKED ON BOARD SHIPS FOR COMBATING GREEN HOUSE GAS
EMISSIONS FROM SHIPS?
Answer
:-
TECHNICAL AND OPERATIONAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES FOR SHIPS
In recent years, discussions at IMO have
resulted in the development of technical (the Energy Efficiency Design Index
(EEDI) )and operational measures for ships (the Ship Energy
Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP)), that have the broad and support of Governments,
industry associations and organizations representing civil society interests.
All are united in the same purpose: to ensure that the EEDI and SEEMP deliver
environmental effectiveness by generating, through enhanced energy efficiency
measures, significant reductions in GHG emissions from international shipping.
Technical( EEDI ) related measures.
The
EEDI establishes a minimum energy efficiency requirement for new ships
depending
on ship type and size and is a robust mechanism to increase the energy efficiency
of ships step-wise for many decades to
come.
1 Optimised hull
dimensions and form :- Ship
design for efficiency via choice of main dimensions (port and canal
restrictions) and hull forms.
2 Lightweight
construction :-New lightweight ship construction material.
3 Hull coating
:-Use of advanced hull coatings/paints.
4 Hull air lubrication
system:- Air cavity via injection of air under/around the hull to reduce
wet surface and thereby ship resistance.
5 Optimisation of
propeller-hull interface and flow devices:-Propeller-hull-rudder design
optimisation plus relevant changes to ship’s aft body.
6 Contra-rotating
propeller:- Two propellers in series; rotating at different direction.
7 Engine efficiency
improvement :-De-rating, long-stroke, electronic injection, variable
geometry turbocharging, etc.
8 Waste heat recovery :-Main and
auxiliary engines’ exhaust gas waste heat recovery and conversion to electric
power.
9 Gas fuelled (LNG)
:-Natural gas fuel and dual fuel engines.
10 Hybrid electric
power and propulsion concepts:-For some ships, the use of electric or
hybrid would be more efficient.
11 Reducing on-board
power demand:- (auxiliary system and hotel loads).Maximum heat recovery
and minimising required electrical loads flexible power solutions and power
management.
12 Variable speed
drive for pumps,fans, etc.:-Use of variable speed electric motors for
control of rotating flow machinery leads to significant reduction in their
energy use.
13 Wind power (sail,
wind engine, etc.) :-Sails, fletnner rotor, kites, etc. These are
considered as emerging technologies.
14 Solar power:- Solar
photovoltaic cells.
15 Design speed reduction (new builds) :- Reducing
design speed via choice of lower power or derated engines.
The
SEEMP provides an approach for monitoring ship and fleet efficiency performance
over time and forces the responsible persons and entities to consider new
technologies and practices when seeking to optimize the performance of the ship
. The SEEMP will assist the shipping industry in achieving this potential.
1 Engine tuning and
monitoring :-Engine operational performance and condition optimisation.
2 Hull
condition :-Hull operational fouling and damage avoidance.
3 Propeller
condition :-Propeller operational fouling and damage avoidance.
4 Reduced
auxiliary power :-Reducing the electrical load via machinery operation
and power management.
5 Speed
reduction (operation) :-Operational slow steaming.
6 Trim/draft:-
Trim and draft monitoring and optimisation.
7 Voyage
execution:- Reducing port times, waiting times, etc. and increasing the
passage time, just in time arrival.
8 Weather
routing :-Use of weather routing services to avoid rough seas and head
currents, to optimize voyage efficiency.
9 Advanced
hull coating :-Re-paint using advanced paints.
10 Propeller
upgrade and aft body flow devices :- Propeller and after-body retrofit
for optimisation. Also, addition of flow improving devices (e.g. duct and
fins).
