AnnexV of Marpol ,Dish Water, Grey water, recycling and reuse

Q:-With respect to AnnexV of Marpol explain the significance of following 

Dish Water, Grey water, recycling and reuse

ANSWER:-

a)The revised MARPOL Annex V with an entry into force date of 1 January 2013 prohibits the discharge of all types of garbage into the sea unless explicitly permitted under the Annex.

Dishwater means the residue from the manual or automatic washing of dishes and cooking utensils which have been pre-cleaned to the extent that any food particles adhering to them would not normally interfere with the operation of automatic dishwashers.

Grey water means drainage from dishwater, shower, laundry, bath and washbasin drains. It does not include drainage from toilets, urinals, hospitals, and animal spaces, as defined in regulation 1.3 of MARPOL Annex IV (sewage), and it does not include drainage from cargo spaces. Grey water is not considered garbage in the context of Annex V.

Recycling means the activity of segregating and recovering components and materials for       reprocessing. Recycling is the waste management technique which has the potential for the greatest measurable reduction in a ship’s garbage waste-stream.

Reuse means the activity of recovering components and materials for further use without      reprocessing.

Classification Societies are Recognized Institutions

Q:- Emphasize the validity of "the statement that "Classification Societies are  Recognized Institutions"

    In your view if the statement carries some limitation highlight them with reason.

 List the statutory service undertaken by a classification body on behalf of Administration. 

Answer:-

          Classification societies are organisations that establish and apply technical standards in relation to the design, construction, and survey of marine related facilities including ships and off shore structures. The vast majority of ships are built and surveyed as per standards laid down by classification societies. These standards are issued by classification societies as a published rules A vessel that has been designed and built to the appropriate rules of a society may apply for a certificate of classification from that society may apply for a certificate of classification from that society such certificate is an attestation that a vessel is in compliance with the standards that have been developed and published by the society issuing the classification certificate.

      "Classification Societies are Recognized Institutions"

• Recognized organization (RO) means an organization that has been assessed by a flag State, and found to comply with this part of the RO Code.
• Classification societies are organizations that establish and apply technical standards in relation to the design, construction, and survey of marine related facilities including ships and off shore structures. 
• The vast majority of ships are built and surveyed as per standards laid down by classification societies. 
• These standards are issued by classification societies as published rules. 
• A vessel that has been designed and built to the appropriate rules of a society may apply for a certificate of classification from that society. Such certificate is an attestation that a vessel is in compliance with the standards that have been developed and published by the society issuing the classification certificate.
• In UNCLOS convention of IMO responsibilities of flag state granting the registration  of  a  ship  are  outlined.  Under  article  94,  the  flag  state  must-effectively exercise its jurisdiction and control in administrative, technical and social matters over ships flying its flag. 
• Many flag state countries in the world don‘t have sufficient expertise, experience and technical manpower to carry out the responsibilities of flag state nation regarding maintaining the standards of ships flying their flag so SOLAS and other international conventions permit the flag Administration to delegate the inspection and survey of ships to Recognised Organisation.

 Requirements for Recognized organization are as follows:

1. The Code contains all applicable requirements for ROs in one single IMO mandatory instrument and is intended to assist in achieving harmonized and consistent global assessment and authorization of recognized organizations, including Classification Societies, and will be the quality standard applied for audits of ROs.
2. The RO Code provides Administrations with a standard for a harmonized and consistent assessment when delegating authorization to recognized organizations (ROs) that assists in achieving a consistent oversight of ROs, and clarifies the responsibilities of organizations authorized as ROs, and the overall scope of that authorization.
3. The Code provides a consolidated instrument containing criteria against which ROs are assessed and authorized/recognized, and gives guidance for subsequent monitoring of ROs by Administrations.
4. The Code for recognized organizations (RO Code) was adopted by the Marine Environment Protection Committee, at its 65th session, by means of resolution MEPC.237(65) and by the Maritime Safety Committee, at its 92nd session, by means of resolution MSC.349(92). 
5. The Committees also adopted amendments to mandatory instruments which are expected to enter into force on 1 January 2015 by means of resolutions MEPC.238(65), MSC.350(92) and MSC.356(92) to make parts 1 and 2 of the Code mandatory under MARPOL annexes I and II, SOLAS and the 1988 Load Line Protocol. 
6. The Code consists of three parts. Part 1 contains general provisions. Part 2 contains mandatory provisions for the flag State  and  RO  as  already  contained  in  relevant IMO instruments and applicable international standards. Part 3 contains guidelines for the oversight of ROs by flag States.

• Part 1:-the mandatory requirements that an  organization  shall  fulfil  to be recognized by a flag State ;
• Part 2:-the mandatory requirements that an RO shall fulfil when performing statutory certification and services on behalf of its authorizing flag States ;
• Part 2:-the mandatory requirements that flag States shall adhere to when authorizing an RO ; 
• Part 3:- guidelines for flag State oversight of ROs .

The RO Code establishes:

The Code defines the functional, organizational and control requirements that apply to ROs conducting statutory certification  and  services  performed  under  mandatory IMO instruments, such as, but not limited to, SOLAS, MARPOL and the Load Lines Conventions.

All requirements of the Code are generic and applicable to all ROs, regardless of their type and size and the statutory certification and services provided.

ROs subject to this Code need not offer all types of statutory certification and services and may have a limited scope of recognition, provided that the requirements of this Code are applied in a manner that is compatible with the limited scope of recognition. Where any requirement of this Code cannot be applied due to the scope of services delivered by an RO, this shall be clearly identified by the flag State and recorded in the RO's quality management system.

 Limitations to the role of classification societies as RO :

1. While the authority to carry out statutory surveys and inspection on behalf of flag administration may be delegated to RO, the powers of enforcement of RO are limited. 
2. When required repairs or corrective actions are not carried out or a survey is not passed satisfactorily, RO's do not have the power to detain the ship. 
3. At the most RO can withdraw the statutory certificate or declare them invalid, and notify the ship's flag state or port state where vessel happens to be located for further action.
4. Also, ROs are not guarantors of safety of life at sea or seaworthiness of vessel because classification societies has no control over how a vessel is operated and maintained in between the periodic surveys which it conducts.
5. Acting as recognized organization, classification societies verify compliance with national/ international regulations adopted by a flag state. The RO cannot on its own interpret the regulation, nor without permission use professional judgement to accept equivalent          solutions.
6.   The specific roles of a RO are defined in contract with the flag state and flag state has the ultimate responsibility.

DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY

1. A flag State may delegate authority to an organization recognized as complying with the provisions of this Code to perform, on its behalf, statutory certification and services under mandatory IMO instruments and its national legislation.
2. The flag State shall not authorize functions beyond RO's capabilities. In this respect, the flag State shall take into consideration appendix 2 of this Code for authorization.
3. Flag States should cooperate with each other with the objective of ensuring that ROs to whom they delegate authority adhere to the provisions of this Code.

STATUTORY SERVICES:-

1. Through their extensive resources of manpower, worldwide expertise and technology, the classification societies have the capability to undertake surveys, maintain records and conduct the technical review necessary to fulfill the requirement of various IMO convention and codes based on national standards imposed by individual flag states.

2. Classification society undertakes statutory work on behalf of individual IMO member state.

3. Under the statutory services and activities, ROs may inspect and survey design, construction, equipment and technical part and operation of ship. The elements to be inspected or surveyed will depend on the specific requirement of the flag state.

4. On successful completion of the pertinent survey, the classification society will issue statutory certificate and attest that the ship complies with the legal requirement of the flag state.

5. If delegated by the administration, class may also carry out certification of the SMS according to ISM code.